Commercialized Buddhism in modern China Research Paper

Commercialized Buddhism in modern China - Research Paper Example Shaolin temples are ideal examples of commercialized Buddhism in modern China because of how they apply business values and models to their management philosophy and various monastery and outside activities. Shaolin Temple, in Songshan Mountain, Henan Province, is the oldest and most important of all Buddhist temples, though there are now 10 Shaolin temples in China. In this paper, â€Å"Shaolin Temple† refers to the oldest temple, while Shaolin temples refer to all temples. It analyzes how the commercialization of Buddhism in China affects Buddhism’s image, principles, and practices. Buddhism’s modern acculturation process, primarily through the commercial management of Shaolin temples in Chinas, paradoxically extends and damages its identity because of the growing importance of capitalism in its mindset and the increasing centrality of profits and political interests as its ends, although the same capitalistic mindset does allow for it to exploit modern devices for its goal of educating the public about Buddhism and Shaolin cultures. Shaolin temples are the houses of worship for Buddhists that have become thriving business communities too. The management of Shaolin temples still occurs through abbots. Abbots nowadays work with commercial interests in mind. Ming Xu describes how abbots earn profits through absorbing the capitalism model in the running of their temples. For instance, temples charge for admission to pay for monastery expanses and for supporting its various activities that spread Shaolin and Buddhism cultures all over the world (Xu). This is part of the many money-making efforts of temples, which abbots justify as necessary to the spreading of Buddhism because Buddhism cannot be taught without having food and resources for its teachers and students. Furthermore, Shaolin Temple also actively organizes Shaolin festivals to promote Buddhism. It is now

Comparing the Poetry of Lanston Hughes and Countee Cullen Essay

Comparing the Poetry of Lanston Hughes and Countee Cullen Upon first glance the differences between Hughes and Cullen seem very clear. Hughes writes in rhythm, while Cullens writes in rhyme, but those are just the stylistic differences. Hughes and Cullen may write poems in a different style but they both write about similar themes. The time they wrote in was during the Harlem Renaissance, a time period when African Americans were discovering their heritage and trying to become accepted in the once white dominated society. The African Americans had their own cultures and their own style of music and writing but they wanted everyone to know they were still human, that they were still American, even though the differences in color were apparent. During this era African Americans were facing the challenges of accepting their heritage or ignoring outright to claim a different lifestyle for their day to day lives. Hughes and Cullen wrote poems that seemed to describe themselves, or African Americans, who had accepted their African Heritage and who also wanted to be a part of American heritage as well. These are some of the things they have in common, as well as what is different about them based on appearance, now I shall focus on each author individually and talk about how they are different afterwards. Lanston Hughes focuses more on rhythm then on rhyme, for example, the poem "The Weary Blues" reads like a blues song, which is what the poem is about. "Mother to Son" is a conversation a mother has to a child about what era life has been, and that no matter how hard life may seem, one should never give up climbing the "stairs". The poem seems to shift from good English to Black English and then back again, which to me shows... ... different authors from two different ways of life could write poems in different styles about the same topics. Hughes with his blues infused poems and Cullen's with his "Negro spirit and Christian upbringing" (Ferguson), both of these men inspired hundreds of people and their work can still make an impact on those that read it. It sure did for me. I recommend these poems to anyone, and I hope that everyone can enjoy and appreciate them as much as I have. Works Cited Tracy, Steven C. Langston Hughes & The Blues. Illinois, 1988. Ferguson, Blanche E. Countee Cullen and the Negro Renaissance. New York, 1066 About Countee Cullen's Life. 21 Mar. 2001. Modern American Poetry. 11 Nov. 2003 http://www.poets.org/poets/poets.cfm?prmID=84 Langston Hughes. Apr 3, 2002. Poets.org 11 Nov. 2003 http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/a_f/cullen/life.htm

The Bipolar Disorder In Early Years

Bipolar affective disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. History has shown that this affliction can appear in almost anyone. According to an article on bipolar disorder by, David E. Cohen, Some research suggests that highly creative people such as artists, composers, writers, and poets, show unusually high rates of bipolar disorder, and that periods of mania fuel their creativity. Famous artists and writers who might have suffered from bipolar disorder include poets Lord Byron and Anne Sexton, novelists Virginia Woolf (who did suffer from bipolar disorder) and Ernest Hemingway. (Encarta Encyclopedia) Despite the fact that many people suffer from bipolar disorder, we still wait for clear explanations for the causes as well as the cure. The one fact of which we are painfully aware of is that bipolar disorder severely weakens its† victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational success. Manic and Depressive Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder or manic depression is characterized by many symptoms that can be broken into manic and depressive episodes. The depressive episodes are characterized by intense feelings of sadness, despair, hopelessness, and helplessness. guilt, crying spells, disturbances in sleep and appetite, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness, difficulty thinking, indecisiveness, and recurrent thoughts of death and suicide. (National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association). The manic episodes are characterized by elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, poor judgment and insight, and often reckless or irresponsible behavior, grandiose delusions, inflated sense of self-importance, racing speech, racing thoughts, flight of ideas, impulsiveness, poor judgment, distractibility, reckless behavior and in the more severe cases, delusions and hallucinations. (NDMDA )(Encarta Encyclopedia) Bipolar disorder affects approximately one percent of the population (approximately two million people) in the United States. It usually begins in a person†s late teens or 20s. Men usually experience mania as the first mood episode, and women usually experience depression first. Episodes of mania and depression usually last from several weeks to several months. On average, people with untreated bipolar disorder experience four episodes of mania or depression over a ten-year period. Many people with bipolar disorder function normally between episodes. Still, in â€Å"rapid-cycling† bipolar disorder a person experiences four or more mood episodes within a year and may have little or no normal functioning in between episodes. Often times bipolar patients report that the depressions are longer and increase in frequency as they age. Bipolar disorder is diagnosed if an episode of mania occurs whether depression has been diagnosed or not. Many times bipolar states and psychotic states are misdiagnosed as schizophrenia. Fortunately, Speech patterns help distinguish between the two disorders. This devastating disease causes disruptions of families, loss of jobs as well as millions of dollars in cost to society(Encarta Encyclopedia). (NIMH) Other Forms of Bipolar Disorder & Stages of Mania In another type of bipolar disorder, a person experiences major depression and hippomanic episodes, or episodes of milder mania. In a related disorder called cyclothymic disorder, a person†s mood alternates between mild depression and mild mania. (Encarta Encyclopedia) The three stages of mania begin with hippomania, in which patients report that they are energetic, extroverted and assertive. The hippomania state has led observers to feel that bipolar patients are â€Å"addicted† to their mania. Hippomania progresses into mania and the transition is marked by loss of judgment. Often, overjoyed grandiose characteristics are displayed, and paranoid or irritable characteristics begin to manifest. The third stage of mania is when the patient experiences delusions with often paranoid ideas. Speech is generally rapid and hyperactive behavior sometimes becomes violent when frustrated ((NIMH) (Encarta Encyclopedia) The genes that a person inherits seem to have a strong influence on whether or not the person will develop bipolar disorder. Studies of twins provide evidence for this genetic influence. Among genetically identical twins where one twin has bipolar disorder, the other twin has a 50 percent chance of also having the disorder. Conversely, among pairs of fraternal twins, who have about half their genes in common, brothers, sisters and children have a 5-10 percent chance. The amount of genetic similarity seems to explain for the difference between identical and fraternal twins. Further evidence for a genetic influence is apparent in the study of adopted children with bipolar disorder. This study shows that children who develop bipolar disorder are more likely to have had biological relatives with this disorder rather than adoptive relatives. Although research has shown an apparent linkage to genes on many chromosomes, researchers have been unable to locate a specific gene linked to the disorder. (Kalat 434) (Encarta Encyclopedia) Lithium salts has been the primary treatment of bipolar disorder which continues to be used since it accidental discovery by J. F. Cade. (Kalat 434) It is main function is to stabilize the mood of bipolar disorder patients. The drug usually takes two to three weeks to become effective. People with bipolar disorder may take lithium during periods of normal mood to delay or prevent later episodes of mania or depression. Common side effects of lithium include nausea, increased thirst and urination, dizziness, loss of appetite, and muscle weakness. Unfortunately, 20- 40% of bipolar patients are either unresponsive to lithium or can†t stand the side effects. (Encarta Encyclopedia) For those 20 to 40 percent of people who do not respond to lithium therapy, two anticonvulsant drugs may help calm severe manic episodes. The first one is carbamazepine (Tegretol) and valproate (Depakene). These drugs are useful as anti-manic agents, especially in patients with mixed states. Both of these medications can be used in combination with lithium or in combination with each other. Valproate is especially helpful for patients who are unresponsive to lithium, experience rapid cycling, or have alcohol or drug abuse problems. (Encarta Encyclopedia) (NDMDA) Newer antipsychotic medications such as olanzapine, risperidone and quetiapine appear to help with manic episodes. Also, anticonvulsant or antiepilepsy drugs such as lamotrigine, topiramate and gabapentin may help stabilize patient†s mood when other medications are ineffective. (psychology today, 87) Yet other drugs used are antidepressants. They include, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI†s), fluovamine and amitriptyline which been used by some doctors as treatment for bipolar disorder. However, research shows that SSRI†s and other antidepressants can actually trigger high manic episodes especially when used alone. Antidepressants are useful when used in together with mood stabilizing medications such as lithium. NIMH) (Psychology Today, 87) In addition to the mentioned medical treatments of bipolar disorder, there are several other options available to bipolar patients, most of which are used together with medicine. One such treatment is light therapy. Which is actually used to treat another form of depression known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Patients are treated with very bright lights (2500lux) for an hour or more each day. This bright light treatment is equally effective in the morning, afternoon, or evening, but according to research it is most effect during the day. Kalat 436) Yet another popular treatment for bipolar disorder is electro-convulsive shock therapy. ECT is usually the recommended treatment for severely manic patients who are homicidal, psychotic, catatonic, severely suicidal, or for those who were unresponsive to drugs. (Kalat 433) (Encarta Encyclopedia) A final type of therapy is outpatient group psychotherapy. According to The National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association, the value of support groups, has challenged mental health professionals to take a more serious look at group therapy for people with bipolar depression. Research shows that group participation may help increase lithium compliance, decrease denial regarding the illness, and increase awareness of both external and internal stress factors leading to manic and depressive episodes. Group therapy for patients with bipolar disorders responds to the need for support and reinforcement of medication management, and the need for education and support for the personal difficulties that arise during the course of the disorder. Cognitive and behavioral treatments focus on recognizing early warning signs, interrupting unrealistic thoughts and maintaining positive activities. (Psychology Today, 87)

Pride And Prejudice By Jane Austen - 965 Words

Since its publication in the early nineteenth century, Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, has become a critically acclaimed novel that is most noted for including a variety of characters, each with differing personalities and roles throughout the story. One character in particular, Mrs. Bennet, plays an important role that is often overlooked. Her behavior and lack of propriety reflects negatively on her character and her overbearing nature can call into question the capability of her parenting skills. Mrs. Bennet lacks the qualities of an attentive and loving mother and therefore endangers the happiness of her two eldest daughters throughout the novel. At the beginning of the novel, Mrs. Bennet is presented as â€Å"a woman of mean†¦show more content†¦From further reading, Mrs. Bennet can be deemed as â€Å"the wife, mother, and potential mother-in-law from Hell† (Gans np). The first specific instance Mrs. Bennet shows her selfish and inconsiderate nature is when she forces Jane to ride horseback to the Bingley’s estate, fully aware that it is going to rain. She does this in hopes that after traveling unprotected from the weather, Jane will be expected to stay the night at Bingley’s estate. What she does not foresee however, is that Jane would fall ill because of her exposure to the storm. Even after hearing of Jane’s misfortune, Mrs. Bennet can be said to be joyous that her plan worked and even happier that Jane had become sick. She expresses no concern for her sick daughter and even advises Elizabeth against visiting Jane to make sure that she is okay. After several days pass, Mrs. Bennet travels to the estate, her only motivation being to â€Å"sell Jane† to Mr. Bingley. She arrives and embarrasses her daughters with a lengthy shameless speech and endless rambling. When it is time to leave, she refuses to let the girls use the carriage that she traveled in, stranding the girls at the estate. She does this beca use she believes that she can coerce a premature proposal out of Mr. Bingley. Another example that proves Mrs. Bennet is unfit to be a mother is when she reacts poorly to Elizabeth’s rejection of Mr. Collins. From

Cardiovascular Outcomes Of The Medical Field Essay

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The results could have far-reaching implications, as hypertension is a risk factor associated with many adver se cardiovascular outcomes. This project used the data from the Salerno study, and attempted to analyze and explore the variance between the three groups listed above, focusing specifically on the left ventricular end-diastolic volume variable (LVEDV). This variable measures the largest volume that the heart cavity obtains in each cardiac cycle. We expected there to be a significant difference amongst the means of this value within the three populations studied. Data Exploration As statedShow MoreRelatedObservation Of Surgical Equipment For Surgery1737 Words   |  7 Pagesby actual surgeons in a live animal and cadaver settings comparatively. These â€Å"primary evaluations† allow a more comprehensive approach to the results of biomedical research and assess the viability of a laboratory model in its translation to the medical world, in this case prototype equipment for surgery. 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Under the section titled, â€Å"What Medicine Should Do About The Chiropractic Menace† Part G of the Iowa Plan includes theRead MoreThe Continuing Dilemma Of Angina Pectoris1657 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"There is a disorder of the breast marked with strong and peculi ar symptoms, considerable for the kind of danger belonging to it, and not extremely rare, which deserves to be mentioned more at length and of which I do not recollect any mention among medical authors. The seat of it, and sense of strangling, and anxiety with which it is attended, may make it not improperly be called Angina pectoris† (1) Since the end of the eighteen century, when William Heberden published and presented in the Royal College

Park Avenue Money, Power, And The American Dream

The documentary film â€Å"Park Avenue: Money, Power, and the American Dream† directed by Alex Gibney is about the wealth gap between the rich and the poor in the United States. The documentary compares the access to opportunities of residents of Park Avenue both on the Upper East Side and in the South Bronx. The documentary includes interviews with a series of people: a doorman at 740 Park Avenue, journalist Jane Mayer, Yale University Professor Jacob Hacker, Berkeley Professor Paul Piff, and Republican advisor Bruce Bartlett. The documentary makes a compelling case that inequality exposes democracy and that the victims of inequality include not only those who find themselves in the rapidly expanding underclass, but the American dream itself. Park Avenue on the Upper East Side of Manhattan is the wealthiest neighborhood in the New York City. Across the river, Park Avenue runs through the South Bronx, home to the poorest congressional district in the United States. Gibney stat es that while income disparity has always existed in the U.S., it has accelerated sharply over the years. Seven thousand people live in the South Bronx and 40% of the population live in poverty. Most of them lost their jobs during the recession that was caused by bankers on the other side of the river. David Koch is the richest person who lives in the Park Avenue on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. Koch donates money to politicians, and Paul Ryan received more money from Koch brothers than any otherShow MoreRelatedPark Avenue : Money, Power And The American Dream819 Words   |  4 PagesPark Avenue: Money, Power and the American Dream In my opinion being bias has both good and bad characteristics. I believe the negative part of being bias is that you only think one sided and not open minded. You can t be biased in some situations where you have to see both sides of view. A positive aspect is that you are consistent and not indecisive. 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Legislation, Regulatory Requirements and Codes of Conduct Free Essays

Legislation, regulatory requirements and codes of conduct There are many codes of practice, legislation and regulation which a teacher must be aware of and adhere to. Whilst many are generic to the teaching profession there are also others, which are specific to the subject matter being taught. The Data Protection Act (2003); The Children Act (2004); Equality Act (2010); Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (2006); Education and skills Act (2008) and Health and Safety at Work Act (1974) are examples of generic laws which have over the years been amended to reflect current practice. We will write a custom essay sample on Legislation, Regulatory Requirements and Codes of Conduct or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Data Protection Act (1998 amended 2003) provides the legal framework on how and when personal information should be obtained, processed and shared. The amendment covered the use of electronic data. This law is particularly relevant to my subject area of Marketing as data collection forms one of the richest forms of customer insight. However, marketers must ensure a customer knows they are collecting their data and that it is only used legitimately and within a reasonable timeframe. The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (2006) was introduced to provide a vetting and barring mechanism to ensure anyone working with children of young adults is properly checked. Anyone looking to work with these groups should expect to the checked by the Criminal Records Bureau (CRB). The Health Safety at Work Act (1974) defines the obligations of an employer to ensure that all employees are not put at risk during their work and that all employees should oblige with the Health and Safety regulations imposed by the Employees. Risk assessments should be carried our where necessary. As a teacher it is important to ensure the you are registered with the Institute for Learning (IFL) and adhere to their 8 desired behaviours which ensure that you treat the profession as well as learners with respect at all times and maintain your expertise knowledge in your subject matter through CPD and in line with the curriculum as outlined by the governing award How to cite Legislation, Regulatory Requirements and Codes of Conduct, Essay examples